Types of Poverty
Poverty is understood as the economic situation of an individual, group or region, as well as the lack of what is necessary economically speaking, for the satisfaction of basic needs, such as food, clothing, medical services, housing, and other furnishings and services. within the basics, for modern life. Thus, poverty is also called the lack of resources (not only economic), but also educational resources, necessary to improve socioeconomic and income circumstances, individual or group (family, social sector, etc.). That is, it is the situation or set of circumstances that prevent the possibility of satisfying,
The main types of poverty are:
Individual Poverty.- It is that which is limited to an individual (and by extension to the family of the same), it is that impossibility to provide oneself with basic supplies and services, and cover one’s own needs and that of the family, especially when one is the main or only provider of the family. This type of deficiencies are influenced by the lack of knowledge of educational instruction, that is, the lack of studies, as well as by social, religious, ethnic, political, economic and age factors (it usually affects social groups of advanced or early ages such as children and the elderly), among other factors, which usually affect directly and indirectly, causing the state of poverty.
Collective Poverty.- It is the one that affects a social sector (cultural, ethnic, religion, etc.), which is found within a more general population that has a certain prosperity, these sectors of society can vary in terms of the amount of population. These are population sectors that lack the necessary resources to be able to satisfy the basic needs of food, housing, health, clothing, services, etc. It is the product of economic and educational development, as well as sometimes due to discrimination against that social sector. An example of the latter case is what happens in India, where a certain social sector is removed from various economic activities (outcasts).
Extreme poverty.-It is one in which needs such as food, clothing or shelter cannot be satisfied, lacking any economic means of support that can alleviate said situation. It is accompanied by malnutrition due to lack of good nutrition, illnesses, and in many cases the total lack of a place of their own or rented for housing, having to live on the street or in houses made with sheets and other materials from waste. The total lack of resources, for food and clothing, often forces them to acquire them among the “garbage”, and then these people find themselves in the need to “scavenge” among the garbage cans, clothes, shoes, various objects and including food, as well as begging or living on assistance from the state and charitable institutions.
Temporary Poverty.- It is that lack of sufficient resources to meet the primary needs of the person, family or social group, which has a temporary nature. It can be remedied by various factors. For example, in the case of the temporary poverty of a person, it could be remedied by obtaining paid employment, which would allow him to satisfy his needs and those of his family, or as in the case of the poverty of a sector of the population that was affected by a natural phenomenon that destroyed their possessions, which could be remedied over time, as well as that which is usually caused by the so-called economic fluctuations that cause economic crises that affect the population by reducing their resources and that after economic growth, these sectors of population, they manage to recover.
Permanent Poverty.-There is talk of “permanent” poverty of poverty, when the state or situation of deprivation has that character, since it is not possible to count on the economic-monetary, educational, technological, natural resources or employment resources to be able to reverse said state of scarcity, as well as the lack of opportunities for this purpose (these obstacles can be political, cultural, social and even religious, where due to some particular situation (for example, the social segregation of a particular group, prevents them from obtaining economic growth that allows them a elevation with respect to its current state of deprivation.) An example could be seen in some primitive societies, which for purely cultural or religious reasons, prevent the economic development of their population, thus allowing the perpetuation of the state of deprivation,Let us say, for example, avoiding the mechanization of agriculture, when this could improve the living conditions of said population.
Cyclical Poverty.- It is understood by this, the deficiencies and scarcity of supplies, due to natural causes (such as droughts), or the product of human factors (such as the mismanagement of resources or their hoarding), that is to say, it is about the deficiencies that affect a portion of the population of a certain place, causing the lack of resources (agricultural).
Relative Poverty.- This is the state of income deficiencies of an individual, taking as a measurement parameter, the average income of the society in which they live (a country or a continent), these incomes being much lower than the average of the particular area in which you are living, that is, it is relative to the reference point of the measurement, being for example that in the case of a developed country where a salary of 200 dollars per month is received, it is considered poverty , while in an underdeveloped country that same salary of 200 dollars would be considered high or medium, meaning that relative poverty is directly related to the measurement parameters of the area in which one is living.
Absolute Poverty.-It is based on the requirement of the same amount of resources (economic), for the satisfaction of needs, without taking into account the particular situation of where one is living, that is, unlike relative poverty, an arbitrary standard is taken , for the measurement of poverty, which is the amount of income that is received, regardless of where in the world one lives, taking as poor, those who do not have an income greater than said “arbitrary” amount that is taken as measurement parameter (for example, a hypothetical income of 10 dollars a day, could be taken as a parameter of “absolute” poverty, both for someone who lived in New York (with the expenses that must be made in that area to meet basic needs) , as well as for someone living in a remote region of Africa,where that amount of money (dollars), would be equivalent in terms of the acquisition of the necessary goods for survival, to something very different with respect to who lived in the aforementioned assumption of new york.
Economic Poverty.- It is understood that it is the lack of any economic means, either individually or collectively, and its consequences for obtaining the satisfaction of basic needs. It is also often interpreted as the dearness of receiving a wage or salary that supports the economic expenses of groups and individuals, as well as institutions.
.Poverty in services.- Refers to the lack of basic services, such as drainage, drinking water service, electricity, medical services, etc.
Poverty in education.- It is understood as that lack of knowledge received or that can be received, through educational instruction in schools and other means.
Poverty in health.- It speaks of the shortcomings that people have in terms of medical service, supply of medicines and medical care, either due to lack of resources to pay for them (by people), or in your case, by a government or entity to supply them to its population.
Poverty in food.- We speak of the lack of basic food resources for the good nutrition of the organism, meaning that it is not possible to obtain the necessary food for one’s own and family food, either for reasons such as bad harvests, the price evasion, wars, mismanagement or distribution of resources, as well as lack of economic resources to purchase food, etc., in a “chronic” way, that is, remaining in a state of constant “hunger”. This is the case of what happens in a large part of the world, such as North Africa, where millions of human beings suffer from hunger, due to lack of means to provide themselves (droughts, mismanagement of resources or war), which prevent obtaining the basic food supply for life.
